Essay on Privacy Free Essays

Privacy can be defined as a cluster or collection of universal rights that are based on the idea of being free from observation or disturbance from other people. It encompasses the right to live, right to your body, your properties and also to information about you. We all have varying lifestyles and personalities, and having a personal space with no intrusion or without being judged by others is one of the most important aspects of privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Privacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the advent of cyber technology, there has been a persistence violation of users’ privacy, mostly without the users’ knowledge. Atypical case will be that of a Cookie. A cookie is a data file that is placed on a computer by a website when a user visits the website. This file contains details about the user’s computer and sometimes personal details about the user like username, passwords, pages visited on the site and so on. Now, the information in this cookies are shared by ad networks in order to generate specific ads that will fit in to the user’s interests. While this might seem mild at first glance, the real issue lies in the fact that all these ads are generated to each user based on their online activities, which are constantly monitored thereby violating their privacy. According to Manjikian (2018) â€Å"A violation of privacy occurs if someone manipulates, without adequate justification the environment in ways that significantly diminish your ability to control what aspects of yourself you reveal to others† (p.83). This form of violation of privacy is common in today’s world in areas like Ubiquitous Computing, Data Mining, Web Usage Mining and many others. In this present age, we all make use of technology devices and so the associated privacy issues affect us in the areas specified below. Accessibility Privacy: this is the form of privacy that is concerned with who gets to have access to an individual’s information and to what extent should that access be. This is especially true in the case of an individual’s medical health records, where HIPAA mandates that an individual should give an informed consent before their health data is shared with anyone other than themselves. Common problem with accessibility privacy is the breach of data resulting from malicious acts or negligence. Decisional Privacy: this form of privacy is concerned with the protection of people and their personal or family decisions or information from the interference of others. A case study will be that of educational information which is protected by the FERPA act. FERPA (Federal Education Rights and Privacy Act) gives students above the age of 18 the right to limit or control who gets to view their educational records. Another application of this is in geo-location services. Users get the right to decide if they want an application to have access to their geo-location or not. Informational Privacy: this is the form of privacy that is concerned with the ability of an individual to control and manage information about them and the people this information is disclosed to. It is also called Data Privacy. Information in this case could be residence records, financial transactions, mailbox etc. Issues related to this are: Collection of excessive PII, disclosure and misuse of people’s information, monitoring of communication and so on. As long as we make use of technology devices, we cannot avoid dealing with the issues surrounding privacy. A good measure will be to keep implementing and enforcing rules to guard and protect people’s privacy, because loss of privacy causes loss of trust, confidence and a loss of beneficial contribution to the society. How to cite Essay on Privacy, Essays

Critical Analysis of Alien Hand Syndrome-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking and Research Methodology. Answer: Critical Analysis of Alien Hand Syndrome Hassan and Josephs (2016, pg1) define Alien hand syndrome as one of the rare disorders associated with loss of limb ownership or involuntary limb movement. From the name alien hand, it is clear that the condition affects the hand. However, Alien Hand Syndrome is also able to affect the leg. Several literature sources that study this condition claim that it has three variants. The variants are posterior, callosal, and frontal. The frontal variant mostly affects the right hand (because it is most dominant). The condition is characterized by the right hand that is groping, impulsive, compulsive object manipulation, and difficulty in releasing grasped objects. In contrast, the callosal variant mostly affects the left hand (for the right-handed patients). The syndrome is, therefore, characterized by the unavailability of frontal features and limb weakness. The callosal variant has other clinical features. The features are tactile anomia, apraxia, agraphia, visual anomia, Alexia, and negle ct. Lastly, the posterior variant mostly affects the left hand (non-dominant). The variant causes strong estrangement feelings on the affected limb and motor activity that is less complex like non-conflicting or non-purposeful movements (Hassan and Josephs, 2016, pg1). As mentioned before, the Alien Hand Syndrome mostly affects the left hand (non-dominant). However, the findings of this condition are not confined to the limbs alone because it also affects the legs. The etiology of the syndrome can be used to explain its location, temporal progression, onset, and its clinical features. In as much as the infection is unilateral, it can also be bilateral with bilateral strokes or neurodegenerative disorders. On the same note, Bryant (2017), argues that neurodegenerative disorders are often seen together with AHS in subacute forms. If the onset is sudden, the condition is accompanied by a stroke. Those are the common presenting signs after which classical findings follow. In other words, the syndrome progresses in neurodegenerative disorders in which it spreads to contralateral or ipsilateral limbs in months to years (Bryant, 2017). The condition will improve with time following a stroke. However, Panikkath., et al (2017), suggests that AHS may be inte rmittent or short-lived in multiple sclerosis, metabolic causes, or stroke. Alien hand syndrome affects old and middle-aged adults. However, there is a pediatric case reported to be associated with Parry-Romberg syndrome. In the case, the patient has an emotional response to AHS. The responses are frustration, self-criticism, and annoyance with the infected limb. The subject personifies or admonishes the limb as Bmischievous and not part of his own body. The limb then becomes a true alien (Moawad, 2017). In summary, several factors affect the presentation of Alien Hand Syndrome. The factors are lesion location, hand dominance, temporal onset, natural history, and etiology. However, few study activities have established answers regarding AHSs etiopathology. Most of the studies on this illness are limited to inadequate interpretation towards the study criteria, inadequate longitudinal data, and inadequate pathology variety (Panikkath., et al, 2017). References Bryant, C. (2017). How Alien Hand Syndrome Works. [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/alien-hand.htm [Accessed 14 Dec. 2017]. Hassan, A. and Josephs, K. (2016). Alien Hand Syndrome. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 16(8). Moawad, H. (2017). Alien Hand Syndrome | Neurology Times. [online] Neurologytimes.com. Available at: https://www.neurologytimes.com/blog/alien-hand-syndrome [Accessed 14 Dec. 2017]. Panikkath, R., Panikkath, D., Mojumder, D. and Nugent, K. (2017). The alien hand syndrome. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4059570/ [Accessed 14 Dec. 2017].

Research Plastic Pollution in Water Essay Example

Research: Plastic Pollution in Water Paper Solutions to Plastic Pollution in our Oceans The Basics Were treating the oceans like a trash bin: around 80 percent of marine litter originates on land, and most of that is plastic. Plastic that pollutes our oceans and waterways has severe impacts on our environment and our economy. Seabirds, whales, sea turtles and other marine life are eating marine plastic pollution and dying from choking, intestinal blockage and starvation. Scientists are investigating the long-term impacts of toxic pollutants absorbed, transported, and consumed by fish and other marine life, including the potential effects on human health. What it means to you Plastic pollution affects every waterway, sea and ocean in the world. When we damage our water systems, were putting our own well-being at risk. This pollution also has huge costs for taxpayers and local governments that must clean this trash off of beaches and streets to protect public health, prevent flooding from trash-blocked storm drains, and avoid lost tourism revenue from filthy beaches. NRC analyzed a sunny of 95 California communities and found their total reported annual costs for preventing litter from becoming pollution is 5428 million per year. See Marcs Waste in Our Waterways: Unveiling the Hidden Costs to Californians of Litter Cleanup. Solutions The most effective way to stop plastic pollution in our oceans is to make sure it never reaches the water in the first place. We all need to do our fair share to stop plastic pollution: individuals need to recycle and never litter, but producers of single use plastic packaging need to do more too. We need producers to design packaging so that it is fully recyclable, and so there is less waste. We also need producers to help cover the costs of keeping their products out of the ocean. Http://www. 3rd. Org/oceans/plastic-ocean/ The Problem of Marine Plastic Pollution Most marine debris (80%) comes from trash and debris in urban runoff, I. E. Land-based sources. Key components of land-based sources include litter, trash and debris from construction, ports and marinas, commercial and industrial facilities, and trash blown out of garbage containers, trucks, and landfills. L Ocean-based sources, such as, overboard discharges from ships and discarded fishing gear, account for the other 20%. We will write a custom essay sample on Research: Plastic Pollution in Water specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research: Plastic Pollution in Water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research: Plastic Pollution in Water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Food containers and packaging are the largest component of the municipal solid waste stream (80 lions tons or 31. 7 %). 2 These items, together with plastic bags, also represent the largest component of marine debris (that is, barring items less than mm such as pre-production plastic pellets, fragments, and polystyrene pieces). 3 Packaging and single use disposable products are not only ubiquitous in marine debris, they represent an unsustainable use of precious resources (Oil, trees, energy sources, water). The quantity Of marine debris is increasing in oceans world-wide. Researchers at the Legality Marine Research Foundation documented an increase in plastic debris in the Central Pacific Gyred five-fold between 1 997 and 2007, where the baseline in 1 997 showed plastic pieces outnumbered plankton on the ocean surface 6:1. 4 Off Japans coast, the quantity of pelagic plastic particles floating increased 10 fold in 10 years between the sass and 1 sass, and then 10 fold every 2-3 years in the sass. 5 In the Southern Ocean, plastic debris increased 100 times during the early sass. These increases in plastic debris occurred at the same time that worldwide production of plastic fibers quadrupled. In the ocean, plastic debris injures and kills fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Marine plastic elution has impacted at least 267 species worldwide, including 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all seabird species and 43% of all marine mammal species. The impacts include fatalities as a result of ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and enta nglement. 7 In 2010, a California grey whale washed up dead on the shores of the Upset Sound. Autopsies indicated that its stomach contained a pair of pants and a golf ball, more than 20 plastic bags, small towels, duct tape and surgical gloves. Seabirds that feed on the ocean surface are especially prone to ingesting plastic debris that loots. Adults feed these items to their chicks resulting in detrimental effects on chick growth and survival. 8 One study found that approximately 98% of chicks sampled contained plastic and the quantity of plastic being ingested was increasing over time. Because persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment attach to the surface of plastic debris, floating plastics in the oceans have been found to accumulate pollutants and transport them through ocean currents. 10 Floating and migrating plastic debris has also been found to transport invasive marine species. 1 1 Increasingly, research shows hat marine life that ingests plastics coated with pollutants can absorb these pollutants their bodies. Plastic debris is polluting the human fo od chain. In a 2008 Pacific Gyred voyage, Legality researchers began finding that fish are ingesting plastic fragments and debris. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ingested plastic pieces. The plastics industry, through the leadership of the American Chemical Council (AC), spends millions of dollars each year to convince policy makers and Californians that solutions to plastic pollution lie in anti-litter campaigns that attribute the responsibility for urine debris on individual behavior. Yet they have devoted little funding to public education and much more on promoting policies that support increased use of plastics. While increased public education to prevent littering is important, proper management of litter fails to address the unsustainable consumption of resources involved in producing packaging and single use disposable goods. Furthermore, as the amount of disposable packaging and products continues to increase, controlling litter through public education and cleanup of streets and waterways requires significant and sustained funding. Preventing the generation of disposable products as much as possible reduces the amount of money needed for controlling and managing trash and litter. Prevention is both cost-effective and better for the environment. Http://www. Clearwater. Org/feature/problem-of-marine-plastic- pollution Plastic is literally at my fingertips all day long. Plastic keyboard. Plastic framed computer monitor. Plastic mouse. The amount of plastic encounter daily doesnt end there. Chances are, you can relate. Plastic is an epidemic. But where does all this plastic go? We ship some of it overseas to be recycled.

The Whitmans essays

The Whitmans essays The Whitmans played an integral role in the settling of the West and made a lasting impression in history. The story surrounding the Whitman couple is of tragedy. They set out to do good but because of cultural differences, they did not fulfill their mission. In the course of the Whitmans lives in the Oregon Country, they encouraged and helped the westward expansion of America. They are one of the major factors of the settlement of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Today, there are images across the country that remind us of what the Whitmans did out in the Oregon Country. Marcus Whitman was born in 1802 in Rushville, a small town located in upstate New York. He studied under a local doctor and became interested in the medical practice. Later on, Marcus left home and went to Fairfield, New York to attend a medical school there during the early 1830s. He received his degree and practiced medicine up north in Canada (Burns and Ives). Marcus came back to New York after four years of practice in Canada and settled in the town of Wheeler. He also practiced medicine there (Morris) and became an elder of a Presbyterian church (Burns and Ives). As an elder, Marcus organized temperance, or non-drinking meetings (Morris). In the year of 1835, Marcus made a journey to the Oregon Country to look for possible mission sites (Burns and Ives). Narcissa Prentiss was also born in upstate New York in a town called Prattsburg. She was born into a devout Presbyterian family and was very committed to her religion. At the age of sixteen, Narcissa pledged her life to missionary work (Burns and Ives). She was very interested in saving the sinful and heathen souls, namely the Native Americans (Morris). After finishing her education, Narcissa taught at a primary school in Prattsburgh. She moved to Belmont, New York along with her family in 1834. At that time, Narcissa was still awaiting the opportunity to receive her pl...

AIDS and YOU (May 1987) Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

AIDS and YOU (May 1987) By Martin H. Goodman MD (this essay is in the public domain) Introduction: AIDS is a life and death issue. To have the AIDS disease is at present a sentence of slow but inevitable death. I've already lost one friend to AIDS. I may soon lose others. My own sexual behavior and that of many of my friends has been profoundly altered by it. In my part of the country, one man in 10 may already be carrying the AIDS virus. While the figures may currently be less in much of the rest of the country, this is changing rapidly. There currently is neither a cure, nor even an effective treatment, and no vaccine either. But there are things that have been PROVEN immensely effective in slowing the spread of this hideously lethal disease. In this essay I hope to present this information. History and Overview: AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Defficiency Disease. It is caused by a virus. The disease originated somewhere in Africa about 20 years ago. There it first appeared as a mysterious ailment afflicting primarily heterosexuals of both sexes. It probably was spread especially fast by primarily female prostitutes there. AIDS has already become a crisis of STAGGERING proportions in parts of Africa. In Zaire, it is estimated that over twenty percent of the adults currently carry the virus. That figure is increasing. And what occurred there will, if no cure is found, most likely occur here among heterosexual folks. AIDS was first seen as a disease of gay males in this country. This was a result of the fact that gay males in this culture in the days before AIDS had an average of 200 to 400 new sexual contacts per year. This figure was much higher than common practice among heterosexual (straight) men or women. In addition, it turned out that rectal sex was a particularly effective way to transmit the disease, and rectal sex is a common practice among gay males. For these reasons, the disease spread in the gay male population of this country immensely more quickly than in other populations. It became to be thought of as a "gay disease". Because the disease is spread primarily by exposure of ones blood to infected blood or semen, I.V. drug addicts who shared needles also soon were identified as an affected group. As the AIDS epidemic began to affect increasingly large fractions of those two populations (gay males and IV drug abusers), many of the rest of this society looked on smugly, for both populations tended to be despised by the "mainstream" of society here. But AIDS is also spread by heterosexual sex. In addition, it is spread by blood transfusions. New born babies can acquire the disease from infected mothers during pregnancy. Gradually more and more "mainstream" folks got the disease. Most recently, a member of congress died of the disease. Finally, even the national news media began to join in the task of educating the public to the notion that AIDS can affect everyone. Basic medical research began to provide a few bits of information, and some help. The virus causing the disease was isolated and identified. The AIDS virus turned out to be a very unusual sort of virus. Its genetic material was not DNA, but RNA. When it infected human cells, it had its RNA direct the synthesis of viral DNA. While RNA viruses are not that uncommon, very few RNA viruses reproduce by setting up the flow of information from RNA to DNA. Such reverse or "retro" flow of information does not occur at all in any DNA virus or any other living things. Hence, the virus was said to belong to the rare group of virues called "Retro Viruses". Research provided the means to test donated blood for the presence of the antibodies to the virus, astronomically reducing the chance of ones getting AIDS from a blood transfusion. This was one of the first real breakthroughs. The same discoveries that allowed us to make our blood bank blood supply far safer also allowed us to be able to tell (in most cases) whether one has been exposed to the AIDS virus using a

Trademark Dilution Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Trademark Dilution - Coursework Example A sobering statistic in as far as avdvertising and dilution are concerned is that ‘according to one estimate around 60 percent of all advertisements are at least indirectly comparative in the sense that it relates to another firm’s product’. This is a baffling statistic. It is easy to resign and say that dilution seems like a necessary part of successful advertising. But several countries are trying to sift through this mess so as to re-define the meaning of dilution even in this challenging context. The E.U seems to have led the way with a demarcation of advertising into misleading advertisisng and comparative advertisisng (Hackner, J. & Muren, A., 2004). There is the economic angle that is challenging to deal with. Without such laws, there will be rampant dilution which shall eventually in the companies that spend the most on product research stopping to do so but insead seeking to improve on their rivals products and therefore abandoning research altogether. One of the commonly agreed issues in this light is that dilution has little welfare goals in mind. Even more surprising however is that dilution offers little benefit to both the company using it and even the company on which it is targeted. This is under Bertrand competition. It even states that the profits and prices for both firms decrease. This might be the case but it might be designed to tame runaway leaders. By bringing their prices lower to the prices of similar products across the board, those using dilution might therefore be seeking to ‘level the playing field’. There has also been a laser like focus on dilution especially the fact that it seeks to bring lower quality goods to the level of higher quality goods. It is worth noting that the converse is also true. Dilution is also designed to lower the quality of the high quality goods. By close association with these ‘pretenders to the throne’, high quality goods can similarly be poorly

Student discussions week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student discussions week 7 - Assignment Example Typically, in a larger company, most workstations are shared; in addition to this, many of those workstations are restarted between shifts, which in turn resolves many issues that may otherwise appear in regards to caching issues. ___________________________________________________________________ Response 2: Joshua Hi Joshua, It is my opinion that the answer you have provided is just the sort of thing this particular question was looking for. Windows 7 Performance Monitor may indeed track and monitor major bottlenecks or abnormalities on the system. This is something that is seen quite often on workstations in large organizations, especially ones that rely on the company network itself, like those that use VDI, as opposed to those that are setup as standalone stations that access company tools through the internet versus an intranet. Certain intranet programs, if not optimized, can become quite resource intensive, which can in turn lead to system bottlenecks and cause delays in work flow, resulting in decreased productivity. Through the use of Performance Monitor it is possible to make adjustments to the resources being used in order to decrease the likelihood of, or alleviate the issues caused by, a system bottleneck. ______________________________________________________________________ Response 3: Anna: Good afternoon Anna, User Account Control (UAC), may seem slightly convoluted at first, however, it is actually a quite handy little security feature. Just because the user account may have administrator privileges does not mean that the applications themselves have those same admin privileges; as such if an admin user wants to set that application to have admin rights, they must go in and do so manually, in the properties of the executable itself. Alternately, they can right click on the executable file, if they do not want it to have those admin rights at all times, and select the â€Å"Run as Administrator† option to allow the .exe those rights for that specific instance. If they do not do so, and the application attempts to run as an administrator, a popup box comes up which states that the application is attempting to run as an administrator, and requests the user to confirm whether or not they wish to allow or deny this change. If UAC is configured to ask each and every time, it can get quite annoying, but, it does not cause the computer to be placed at risk. _____________________________________________________________________ Response 4: Catherine: Hi Catherine, User Account Control (UAC) is an administrator’s dream in a company setting. The sad truth of the matter is that many people still do not have basic computer knowledge, and by allowing them to have more access than they need for everyday tasks can very quickly turn into a headache, whether because someone wanted to see â€Å"what that button does† or whether they managed to go through and remove registry files, grant applications access that they hav e no reason to have, and so on. If not setup, you are correct, it completely negates the reason for the feature being put in place in the first place; however, if used properly, it can be a wonderful little tool that saves