Differences And Similarities Between The Athens And Spartans History Essay

Differences And Similarities Between The Athens And Spartans History Essay The Athens and Spartans were two civilizations with many differences and similarities. The Spartans were the ones that wanted a strong army, a civilization with no freedom and less education for men so they could fight in the army. The Athenians had a strong army but freedom was very important and the education to the people was a priority. The life as a Spartan was very difficult because the kids started to train at the age of 7 and finish at the age of 18, then they must go to fight on the army. The girls were also trained, but at the age of 15 they married, had kids and stayed at home. At the age of 30, they gained a full citizenship just like the men. In Athens, the baby boys were more important than girls and wealthy children were raised by a special tutor; from age 7 the boys started to go to school and received special training for different works. Girls remained at home and learned crafts and poetry from their mothers; they often marry at age 15. At age 18 men go to the army for two years and then they get back home to work. Women, however, stayed at home to raise and take care of children. These 2 civilizations were based in 3 ways of government (monarchy, oligarchy and democracy). The monarchy is based in a government ruled by a king or a queen. On the other hand, oligarchy was based in a government that was ruled by a small group of citizens that make decisions. However, the democracy is a system in which the citizens vote to make governmental decisions. The disadvantage of the monarchy is that the king does what he wants, the citizens cant choose the king and that the people can ´t choose the laws. The disadvantage of the oligarchy is that the people can ´t decide anything in the government, just a small group of citizens have the right to vote and choose the laws. The disadvantages of the democracy are that anyone may be a candidate, also that some citizens were not decided and that the people may not agree so there may be fight. However these types of government have advantages like the monarchy, the king may control everything so he could make the right choic es. In the oligarchy the group of citizens may make good laws that help the civilization. Finally the democracy was the best because the citizens may choose the government. As the Athens Spartan`s military protect he government and the government gives education to the civilization The two most powerful and best-known of those city-states were  Athens  and  Sparta (http://plaza.ufl.edu/tlombard/). As the Spartans the Athenians have a strong military, the two civilizations have a majority in land soldiers rather than sailors. As Athenians the Spartans had a good education but the Athenians were more interested on it, the two civilizations made that the children start education at the age of 7. As the Spartans the Athenians had different way of government but their government was good, they used 3 ways of government: monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. As they had similarities they also had differences. The military of Sparta was huge and the best of all but the Athens military was a simple but strong military, the young boy started to train at the age of 7 but the Athenians went to the army at the age of 18, the Spartans kept on the army up until 60 years old but the Athenians just started to work when they get back from army. In the government The Athenians were the ones who started the democracy, it was called limited democracy that means that not everybody could vote only the ones with citizenship and the important people, and the one who started the democracy was Draco when he took the power. However the Spartans had a way to govern that they had an assembly named the council of elders, the made up the laws and the ones that choose instead of the people. The Spartans had less education than Athens because they need to go to the army Sparta seemed to be content with themselves and provided their army whenever required (http://w ww.diffen.com/difference/Athens_vs_Sparta); in school they had physical education that was very hard. The Athens had a good education and many subjects to study on, the women also study but they need to be at home and learning about crafts and poetry from their mothers and they marry at age 15. The roles that Spartans men had in the civilization was very hard, when they are born the healthy kids were raised by the mothers but the unhealthy kids were taken to a cave so they die. When they had 7 years old they were trained and by physical education, they training were made up of punishments and hard training. When they get to age of 18 they serve the army for their whole life, when the women was born they were not so important as the men so they were raised, at the age of 7 they hay physical education but at the age of 15 they got marry and raised the kids. However when the Athenian boys were born the healthy ones were raised by some special tutors, the unhealthy were send to the gates so people passing by may take them. At the age of 7 the boys receive education but the girls stayed at home learning crafts and poetry by their mothers Athenian girls did not attend school (McDougal 129). At the age of 18 the boys serve to the army for 2 years then the go back home to work when they got older, boys went to military school to help them prepare for another important duty of citizenship-defending Athens(McDougal littell 129). However the women marry at the age of 15 and had kids and raise them. The Peloponnesian war was a bloody war, the Athens were based on the navy but the Spartans were based on the land army, when the war started it was very bloody and no one was winning so they signed a treaty to stop war, the war lasted 9 years. 4 years later the Spartans burned the food supplies of the Athenians because they thought that they had a very good army, the Spartans win the wars but they led the Athenians be the cultural center of Greece. In conclusion the Spartans and Athenians were a well develop civilization but in my point of view the Athenians were best civilization because they were better people but the Spartans were bad and dangerous.

The Importance of Leadership

The Importance of Leadership It is the belief of many that leadership is the vehicle or direction to both positive and negative change. In fact, leadership often determines the success and/or failure of any organization, whether it be in business, education, religion, government organizations, and society in general.Clear evidence of this is seen in the recent-American Airlines’ woes, the closing of troubled schools across the nation, the public-scandal surrounding Enron Corporation, the positive impact of the Christian community by renowned-evangelist Billy Graham, the devastating-financial crisis of 2008, the re-election of President Barack Obama, and others. With this perspective firmly in mind, and in context of the case study surrounding Sir Richard Branson and his leadership style, this paper seeks to discuss the leadership models addressed in chapters 10 and 11.It will also propose a different leadership style that would enhance Branson’s leadership prowess. Furt her, it will talk about a few strategies that Branson can employ to develop and lead a global team working on a major project. Lastly, it will discuss some of Branson’s leadership qualities and their personal and contemporary applications. Branson’s Leadership Style Illustrated in Chapters 10 and 11 Models Based on the substantial amount of evidence presented in the text, Branson has proved himself to be an effective leader because of his vision, operating philosophy, charisma or appealing influence, and financial success.Much of Mr. Branson’s influence and success has been attributed to his direct-business involvement. Therefore, as illustrated in chapters 10 and 11, Sir Richard Branson’s leadership style is participative. To give emphasis on such revelation, Richard Branson is the Chairman of Virgin Group Limited (Ltd). He operates multinational entities that include air travel, financial services, and retail stores. Also, scores of people work for him. But regardless of the scope of Mr.Branson’s responsibility and work demands; he allocates a great deal of time time to be personally involved with the day-to-day operations of the organization. Moreover, he actively listens to the concerns of his staff and customers in order to generate feedback and capture new ideas. To add to this, Branson’s personal involvement and participating leadership style has also reflected in his business approach and priority. For example, employees and customers are an integral part of his business culture.For this reason, employees are ranked first, customers second, and shareholders last (p. 344). The rationale behind such approach is this—if employees are recognized and feel appreciated, the level of customer satisfaction becomes high, and therefore return on investment (RO1) is realized or positive. In addition to Branson’s personal involvement and participating leadership style, he surrounds himself with a diverse group of people so as to reflect the company’s core beliefs, values, and desired outcomes.To add credence to this idea, in his book entitled, The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, (Maxwell, 1998, p. 110) remarked: â€Å"Every leader’s potential is determined by people closer to him. † In other words, leaders can make a significant difference when they associate themselves with competent people, as in the case of Richard Branson. More emphasis on this point will be discussed later on. Another leadership style that reflects Richard Branson is transformational leadership.According to the text, transformational leadership â€Å"involves anticipating future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities, developing others to be leaders or better leaders, and building the organization or group into a community of challenged and rewarded learners† (Hellriegel & Slocum Jr, 2011, p. 329). The above perspective certainly captures an d encapsulates Branson’s leadership style—because he persuades many to buy into his inspiring messages. As a result, many have become committed and in this manner are being rewarded.Also, Branson impacts the business community and a large scale. Further, he develops future leaders and entrepreneurs. Developing future leaders and entrepreneurs is essential and it at the core of transformational leadership. An insight of such truth has been noted by the authors (Anthony, M. J. , & Estep Jr. , J. 2005, p. 298), â€Å"Leaders are at their very best when they are raising leaders around them. † In addition to Branson’s transformational leadership style, his business approach is revolutionary.Undeniable evidence of this is seen in the amount and variety of businesses he operates as well as the company’s impressive-annual net sales—$20 billion (p. 344). To add to this, Branson’s hiring practice is also unconventional. That is, he generally hi res people with â€Å"strong communication and teamwork competencies that mesh with the Virgin culture. † Such practice helps Branson to be a better leader, which in turn strengthens the organization and its bottom line. So in brief, Branson’s leadership style in terms of leadership models as presented thus far is participative and transformational.Suggestive Leadership Style to Enhance Branson’s Effectiveness Even though Sir Richard Branson’s leadership style is participative and transformational, his approach and behavior on a few instances is paradoxical. To illustrate, Virgin Group experienced massive losses ($20 million) in a couple of business ventures—because Branson ignored prudent counsel from â€Å"his top management advice† as well as other critical-business measures. It is the opinion of many that transformational leaders have a tendency to be arrogant and even ignored vital signals around them due to their intellectual inspirati on and unchallenged purposes.Such beahvior sometimes produced negative results. An example of this is seen in the horrific genocides or atrocities of the former-dictator Adolf Hitler. Therefore, by way of suggestion, Branson ought to add facilitate leadership style to his leadership competency. An insight on facilitate leadership style has been provided by the text: â€Å"The leader presents the problem to the team in a meeting, acts as a facilitator, defines the problem to be solved, and sets boundaries within which the decision must be made† (p. 308).This leadership style is certainly advantageous for Branson in a number of ways. For example, as chairman of large groups of companies, Branson must not have a stake in every decision. Simply because such beahvior is perceived to be controlling, and the end results can be detrimental or costly as presented in the above example. In light of this, staff members must be empowered and heavily involved in the decision-making process of the organization. As a result, the flow of effective communication would improve, employee productivity would elevate, and the financial health of the organization.Strategies Branson can Employ to Develop and Lead Major Project In today’s ever-changing environment, there is no denying that Sir Richard Branson is a risk taker and he is not afraid of failure. Moreover, his track record and business credentials qualify him to supervise any major projects. So by determining how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major project, the following strategic steps ought be employed or activated: (1) choose a research committee or advisory team and oversee it. 2) Empower committee or advisory team to select a diverse group of individuals so as to generate pertinent and creative ideas and thus improve the project. (3) Assess or calculate risk factors and outcomes surrounding the project. (4) Adhere to sound business and management principles. (5) Have an open min dset especially to internal and external change or resistance. (6) Invest a large sum of money on the continued development and research of the project and provide monetary and motivational rewards for research team. 7) Maintain good-internal communication and public relations. (8) Establish effective-feedback mechanisms so as to receive progress reports, and make change/s if necessary. Strict adherence and execution to the aforementioned steps will most likely enable Branson to develop and lead a global team working on a major project. Branson’s leadership qualities and their personal and contemporary applications Within the business world, Sir Richard Branson has definitely experienced much financial success and setbacks. A commentary on this point has been noted by (Scott, 2010, p. 5), â€Å"There’s another side to Branson—the relentless work ethic, the failed companies, and tough times, but people generally don’t want to hear it. † Such experie nced has helped to strengthen Virgin Group Ltd. and set Richard Branson apart in a profound way, and even add to his leadership qualifies. Additionally, Branson’s extraordinary business approach and entrepreneur competencies also complement his leadership qualities. Therefore, drawing on Branson’s leadership qualities, the writer would seek to emulate his unconventional business approach and strong work ethic, especially in today’s business environment and practices.In so doing, the writer’s life would be personally and professionally enriched, and thereby making a positive contribution to society in general. By further drawing on Branson’s leadership qualities, social responsibility would be imitated by the writer. In support of this, â€Å"Branson pledged as much as $3 billion during the next 10 years (through 2017) to tackle global warning† (p. 344). Being socially responsible is commendable and even beneficial. To illustrate, it can attr act investors, promote business growth, and help the physical environment.To further mimic Branson’s leadership qualities, the writer would draw on his visionary approach so as positively impact humankind on a whole. It has been well said, â€Å"Where there is no vision, the people perish† (Proverbs 29:18 King James Version). Other leadership qualities that are worth emulating from Branson are: being an attentive listener, creating an informal environment to address and resolve problems. These qualities are so needed in today’s society, considering that people are often ignored, afflicted, and exploited.As passionately argued throughout this paper, leadership is essential because it can make or mar the direction or success of any organization. More than ever, participative and transformational leadership qualities are needed. Such leadership attributes have aided Sir Richard Branson to develop unique business concepts and establish hundreds of business entities across the globe. In actual fact, they have helped him to gain much financial success. As a result, he has and continues to influence many individuals of all ways of life and spearheads many undertakings.References Anthony, M. J. , & Estep Jr. , J. (2005). Management Essentials for Christian Ministries. Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum Jr, J. W. (2011). Organizational Behavior (13 ed. ). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Maxwell, J. C. (September 18, 1998). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Nashville, Tennessee, USA: Thomas Nelson Publishers Scott, P. (2010). The Wisdom of Branson. Herald Sun (Melbourne), (), 85. Retrieved on November 26, 2012, from http://www. ebscohost. com

How Race And Gender Affect On Identity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 766 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Did you like this example? In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston explores the effects of race and gender on developing oners identity. There is often a discrepancy between personal identity and the identity formed exogenously by members of society, which makes it difficult to develop a true understanding of oneself. In Hurstonrs novel, Janie is able to move past the opinions society have of her and become the woman she wants to be after being subjected to the limitations society had placed on her for being a black woman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Race And Gender Affect On Identity" essay for you Create order The story illustrates Janiers struggle to find her own voice and realize her dreams through three marriages and the hardships of being a black woman in America in the early 20th century. Hurstonrs symbolic use of the mule, a pear tree in blossom, and Janiers hair illustrate the development of Janiers womanhood and independence, as well as her ultimate triumph over the constraints of society. Despite the shackles society may try to place on an individual based on gender and race, one can still develop his or her identity. The image of the mule appears as Nanny tells Janie that black women are the mules of the earth, meaning that they are the lowest creatures, used by others. ?De nigger woman is de mule of de world so fur as Ah can see. Ah been prayin fuh it tuh be different wid you. (Hurston 14) Hurston uses the image of the mule as a way of saying that Janiers identity is submissive to the opinions of society. bond that of how others want her to be. Nanny projects her own fear of the instability she herself experienced as a black woman in America onto Janie. As a result, she herself attempts to mold Janie into a life that she-Nanny- believes will help her be successful in life. However, Nannyrs views which are shaped by society, in turn, suppress Janiers identity. Janie then becomes a tool and object for Nanny to use, similar to that of a mule. During Janiers time with Joe, he puts her high up on a pedestal so that she is inaccessible to the other men who are pining after her. When Janie is forced to conceal one of the greatest aspects of herself her hair she has no hope of flourishing under Joers domineering hand. Janies reluctance to conceal her hair indicates her desire to be loved and accepted by the community as who she isall aspects of her personality includedrather than as who different individuals want her to be. After Joe dies, Janie goes to the mirror, sees the woman she has become and tears the kerchief from her head and [lets] down her plentiful hair (Hurston 106). She takes in the image of her true self wildly independent but ultimately ties her hair back up again. This time, however, it is her decision to do so. Joers death also frees Janie from any inclinations to herself to otherrs belief of how she should be. From this point on, Janie decides to live for herself and embrace the power that lies within as a women. A blossoming pear tree is used to symbolize Janiers transition from budding sexuality to womanhood. The pear tree metaphor is used when Hurston describes Janiers marriage to Joe Starks; Janie realizes that a husband must love and respect his wife, as a bee respects the blossom it pollinates. She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; So this was a marriage! (Hurston 34) There is a symbiotic relationship between a bee and a flower, just as there should be a symbiotic relationship between husband and wife. Both parties benefit in the relationship in some fashion. For Janie, she expects to be loved and empowered by the relationship not to be smothered by it. However, society views that women should be submissive and defer to their husbandrs judgment prevents Janie from confronting Joe about the abuse he inflicted on her until the end of their relationship. Based on the time, a man controlled the identity of his wife. There were not equals. It is only after Janie truly embraces her womanhood and individual spirit that she can let true love into her life. As Hurston describes it, people are the mule of the world, but they also contain the power to overcome the burden placed on them by society and gain control over themselves. In the face of an obstacle that seeks to dampen oners individuality and identity, one can rise above the constrained views of the people around them and embraced the person they want to truly be.

Intel Corporation 1968 †1997 - 1177 Words

INTEL CORPORATION: 1968 – 1997 Synopsis: This case traces the strategic decisions of Intel Corporation which defined its evolution from being a start-up developer of semiconductor memory chips in 1968 to being the industry leader of microprocessors in 1997 when it ranked amongst the top five American companies and had stock market valuation of USD 113 billion. Intel in DRAM business: The strategies employed by Intel for DRAM business focussed on: 1. Pushing the envelope of product design 2. Being first to market with newest devices 3. Premium pricing and skim marketing. No emphasis on mass production Initially, Intel had a successful run in this business as they: 1. Had no immediate competition 2. The demand for memory†¦show more content†¦Competitor 1. Defining industry standards: RISC v/s CISC technology led to stepping up of Intel’s RD for new generations of the X86. Intel developed two generations of its X86 line simultaneously (the Pentium and the Pentium Pro) and committed to a massive expansion in production capacity for these products. 2. The threats from Clones: Intel’s drive for intellectual property protection and settlement with AMD followed by overwhelming successful propagation Pentium and Pentium Pro chips offset the threat from clones. Customers: The ‘Intel Inside’ campaign with OEMs and â€Å"Runs better on a Pentium processor† sticker on PC software strengthened customer recognition of Intel as a brand. Biggies like IBM and Compaq opted out of these campaigns as they feared this would dilute their brand. However, growing demand and popularity of Intel brand brought IBM and Compaq back to Intel. Intel emerged as a clear leader. Intel’s System Business added to the bottom line but the microprocessor was by and large their main line of business. Supplier Relationships Intel moved from sole-source suppliers to dual to multi suppliers to ensure responsiveness to requests for technical support and improvement. STRATEGIC MANOEUVERS and IMPLICATIONS) Intel strategic implications: 1st stage: DRAM story learning 2nd stage: Microprocessor story learning 3rd stage: The future DRAM story: R D had three components: 1. Product developmentShow MoreRelatedEssay Intel Corporation, 1968-19971123 Words   |  5 PagesIntel Corporation, 1968-1997 Synopsis: This case traces the strategic decisions of Intel Corporation which defined its evolution from being a start-up developer of semiconductor memory chips in 1968 to being the industry leader of microprocessors in 1997 when it ranked amongst the top five American companies and had stock market valuation of USD 113 billion. Intel in DRAM business: The strategies employed by Intel for DRAM business focussed on: 1. Pushing the envelope of product design Read MoreCase Preparation Questions734 Words   |  3 Pagessecond region? Intel Corporation: 1968-1997 1. What was Intel’s strategy in DRAMS? What accounts for Intel’s dramatic decline in market share in the Dram market between 19974-1984? To what extent was Intel’s failure a result of its strategy? 2. What strategy did Intel use to gain a competitive advantage in microprocessors? What threats has Intel faced in sustaining its competitive advantage in microprocessors and what strategies has it used to deal with each? Why has Intel been able to sustainRead More Intel Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This analysis of Intel Corporation is to educate the investor about the company and provide them with useful information that will enable them to make a decision as to whether they should invest in the company. 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